While answering a couple of Stack Overflow questions recently I needed to create some certificates to use with localhost so I thought I’d record the steps to I would have something to link to next time.
Traditionally the certificates Subject’s CN value has contained the hostname of the machine the certificate is representing. But the spec doesn’t actually assign any specific meaning to this field and it was deprecated as part of RFC2818.
v3 of the x509 spec adds an extension for storing hostnames and IP addresses called Subject Alternative Names (known as SAN). The last line in the instructions adds SANs for the hostname localhost and the IP addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1. This means it should be valid for all possible ways of accessing localhost.
I’ve had a background project ticking over slowly in the background for a number of years.
Last year I designed and had built a number of PCBs to be used as HATs for a Raspberry Pi Zero. They included a RTC and a terminal block to attach the LED strip.
I did say that I would write another post when the boards where delivered and I had assembled the first prototype. Unfortunately I had made a small, but critical mistake when designing the boards, I slightly messed up the package package size for the RTC so it wasn’t possible to get assemble the boards correctly. I didn’t get round to re-doing the PCB layout with the correct sized parts so the whole thing just sat for a while.
In the meantime the Raspberry Pi Foundation went and released a new product, the Raspberry Pi Pico, which is based on the RP2040 chip. As well as the Pico they are also making the RP2040 chip available to other folk to include it directly in their own projects.
Pimoroni have created a number of different boards but their latest is the Plasma 2040 which is specifically designed to drive LED strips.
Solder the RTC on to the breakout section of the Plasma 2040, the terminals are labelled so just make sure you match up the pins, I used the headers that came with the RTC and arranged it so the breakout was over the top of the Plasma2040
Loosen the screw terminals for the connections marked 5V, DA and -. Insert the Red wire of the adapter in the 5V, Green wire in DA and White wire in –
Clip the LED strip to the end of the adapter.
Code
When you first attach the Plasma2040 to your computer it will show up as a USB flash drive. This is so you can install the runtime. In this case we’ll be using the Pimoroni Micropython build that comes with support for the board. You can grab a version from the release page on GitHub here. Once downloaded copy it into the root of the drive. When the copy has finished the board will reboot and be ready to run Python code.
You can use the Thonny IDE to both write and push code to the device. You will need at least version 3.3.3 to support the Plasma2040.
The fist version of the code was as follows:
import plasma
from plasma import plasma2040
from pimoroni import RGBLED, Button
import time
NUM_LEDS = 60
LOW = 32
MED = 64
HIGH = 128
BRIGHTNESS = [LOW,MED,HIGH]
BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL = 0
button_brightness = Button(plasma2040.BUTTON_A)
led = RGBLED(plasma2040.LED_R, plasma2040.LED_G, plasma2040.LED_B)
led.set_rgb(0, 0, 0)
led_strip = plasma.WS2812(NUM_LEDS, 0, 0, plasma2040.DAT)
led_strip.start()
while True:
RED = [0]*NUM_LEDS
GREEN = [0]*NUM_LEDS
BLUE = [0]*NUM_LEDS
t = time.localtime()
hour = (t[3] % 12) * 5
#Hours
RED[hour] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
RED[hour + 1] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
RED[hour + 2] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
RED[hour + 3] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
RED[hour + 4] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
#Mins
GREEN[t[4]] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
#Secs
BLUE[t[5]] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
#set the LEDS
for i in range (NUM_LEDS):
led_strip.set_rgb(i, RED[i], GREEN[i], BLUE[i])
#change brightness
if button_brightness.read():
BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL += 1
BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL %= 3
time.sleep(1)
This works well when triggered from Thonny as it syncs the laptop’s time to the RP2040 each time it connects. But when the clock is powered by a USB power supply or a battery, the clock starts at 00:00:01 Jan 1st 2021 and has no way to be updated to match now.
This is why we need the RTC module, it keeps track of the time while the clock is powered down.
It also has a way to change the brightness, by pressing the A button it will cycle through 3 different brightness levels.
Setting the RTC Time
With a little bit of playing I worked out how to sync the RTC to the current time in the Thonny console
The most important line is the last one, which enables the battery backup for the RTC so it remembers the time you just set.
I was going to use the rtc.set_unix() function and pass in time.time() but it appears that the unix timestamp is maintained independently of the “Real” time on the RTC.
The set_time() function takes values in the order
seconds (0-60)
minutes (0-60)
hours (0-23)
day of the week (1-7 -> mon-sun)
day of month (1-31)
monthe (1-12)
year (2000-2099)
With the RTC set correctly a small update to the code to read from the RTC rather than from the time object and we are good to go.
import plasma
from plasma import plasma2040
from pimoroni import RGBLED, Button
from pimoroni_i2c import PimoroniI2C
from breakout_rtc import BreakoutRTC
import time
PINS_PLASMA = {"sda": 20, "scl": 21}
i2c = PimoroniI2C(**PINS_PLASMA)
rtc = BreakoutRTC(i2c)
if rtc.is_12_hour():
rtc.set_24_hour()
if rtc.update_time():
print(rtc.string_time())
print(rtc.string_date())
NUM_LEDS = 60
LOW = 32
MED = 64
HIGH = 128
BRIGHTNESS = [LOW,MED,HIGH]
BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL = 0
button_brightness = Button(plasma2040.BUTTON_A)
led = RGBLED(plasma2040.LED_R, plasma2040.LED_G, plasma2040.LED_B)
led.set_rgb(0, 0, 0)
led_strip = plasma.WS2812(NUM_LEDS, 0, 0, plasma2040.DAT)
led_strip.start()
rtc.enable_periodic_update_interrupt(True)
while True:
RED = [0]*NUM_LEDS
GREEN = [0]*NUM_LEDS
BLUE = [0]*NUM_LEDS
t = time.localtime()
if rtc.read_periodic_update_interrupt_flag():
rtc.clear_periodic_update_interrupt_flag()
rtc.update_time()
hour = (rtc.get_hours() % 12) * 5
RED[hour] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
RED[hour + 1] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
RED[hour + 2] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
RED[hour + 3] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
RED[hour + 4] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
GREEN[rtc.get_minutes()] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
BLUE[rtc.get_seconds()] = BRIGHTNESS[BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL]
for i in range (NUM_LEDS):
led_strip.set_rgb(i, RED[i], GREEN[i], BLUE[i])
if button_brightness.read():
BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL += 1
BRIGHTNESS_LEVEL %= 3
time.sleep(1)
2021 Edition
Next Steps
There are a few things that need doing next. The first is to build a case for the clock, I’m thinking about something made up of layers of thin plywood with a channel for the LED strip and maybe a layer of smoked/mat acrylic to act as a diffuser.
The second part is to work out a way to work with DST, Micropython doesn’t support timezones as the database needed to keep track of all the different timezones takes up a huge amount of space. I could hard code in the dates for my location, but I’ll probably just make use of the B button to toggle an hours difference on/off.
Optionally I might add another 31 LED strip (probably at 30/meter) to be used as a calendar showing the current month with markers for weekends and the current day.
Another option is to use 4 of these to build a 60 LED ring for something a little more conventionally shaped.
And the final extra hack is to daisy chain the Light level sensor (e.g. one of these) on top of the RTC and dynamically adjust the brightness based on ambient light levels.
I’ll also probably keep tinkering with the Raspberry Pi Zero W version as that will allow oAuth to link to things like Google Calendar to show meetings in the clock view and add Holidays to the Calendar view. It will also have access to the full timezone database and NTP for time syncing over the network.
With all the working from home over the last 18months and the fact I now work for a 100% remote company I decided it was time to have another look at my home broadband setup.
I currently have a FTTC install supplied by A&A which currently tops out at about 60/15 and while a FTTP setup would be nice I’ll have to wait until OpenReach get their finger out and actually fully enable my exchange (A recent new build development is already full fibre, but the existing properties will have to wait).
The line has been pretty reliable but I decided it was time to add some backup capability if I’m going to be relying on it all the time. I decided to add an LTE/4G link (no 5G out here in the sticks yet either).
I already had a LTE USB stick but the Ubiquiti EdgeRouter X that I was running didn’t have a USB port so I looked at putting the stick in Pi and adding a second low priority default route via the Pi. This worked but meant that I lost IPv6 (finding a UK cell provider that will offer IPv6 on Pay&Go is a problem I’ve looked at before) and others won’t be able to reach my web server or the other services I host at home. I’ll cover the 4G network provision later.
A&A offer a L2TP service which can route the fixed IPv4 and IPv6 ranges over any connection if your main line is down for any reason. This can easily run over a LTE connection, but it does have one slight niggle. If the L2TP tunnel is running at the same time as the FTTC line then it will take priority which means it should only be started when the FTTC line goes down.
The EdgeRouter X only supports L2TP Tunnels when paired with IPSEC so can’t easily be used with this option. I could run something like xl2tp on the Pi with the LTE USB stick but then I would need a way to trigger it on the Pi when the PPPoE link goes down on the EdgeRouter. All of this combined with Ubiquiti’s apparent pulling back from the EdgeRouter line as they focus more on their Dream Machine range I thought I’d see what else was available.
MikroTik
If you poke around the internet in the places where people talk about Ubiquiti kit they also mention MikroTik and RouterOS so I thought I’d have a look and see what was available.
The closest match to the EdgeRouter X looked to be a MikroTik hEX S. It has the same 5 Gigabit Ethernet ports, PoE powered and also has a USB port and a SFP port for if I ever want to add fibre support.
I already had a Huawei E3372-200 LTE stick to plug into the side. This supports up to 150Mbps connections and has connectors to add external antenna if needed to get the best signal. I also grabbed a 90° USB adapter, because everybody knows that USB sticks work better when pointed straight up.
I plugged the hEX S into my desktop ISP setup to work out how configure it and play with some of the settings.
There are 3 ways to configure most RouterBoard/RouterOS devices
Winbox – a native application that supports Windows (can be run under Wine on Linux and OSx)
WebFig – a web interface
Console/SSH – a command line interface
I’ve not tried Winbox, I did most of the setup via the console interface, but I used the WebFig to check. Most of the time WebFig works just fine, but occasionally it would throw javascript errors. I’m hoping that most of this is down to the fact I had to install a 7.1 release candidate build to get LTE stick to work properly. I’ll check back once 7.1 gets a proper release.
Using the console I managed to setup the LAN IP address range, DHCP server and pre-reserved all the static IP addresses to match my old setup.
Getting the port forwarding and hairpin NAT setup was a little bit more challenging than on the EdgeRouter but I have something that looks to behave the same for everything I had setup before.
I set the LTE device to be always on but with a static route to the L2TP endpoint and a script that run when the PPPoE device goes up or down. When the PPPoE goes down it will connect the L2TP client and disconnect it when the PPPoE device comes back up. The easiest way to test is to unplug the ethernet cable between the router and the modem running in bridge mode.
Cellular Contract
The next question is what mobile data plan to use, this is meant to be only used as a fall back, so I don’t really want to be paying for a monthly contract and then not using it, which means I’m looking for a Pay & Go sim card. I also want a plan that has the longest possible lifetime for any credit. Luckily Terrence Eden had recently collated a list of the best deals for this kind of data sim. It looks like the Three 24GB or the matching Vodafone 24GB plan are the best fit.
I opted for the Three as I have reasonable coverage at home, it comes with 24GB pre-loaded and it will last for up to 2 years (unlike a lot of the others that expire every month). It’s list price at time of writing is £44.99, I got mine for $39.96, but it’s been as low as £31.29 on offer recently.
Next
At the moment the router only fails over if the PPPoE connection goes down, it would be nice to try and detect if the PPPoE link stays up, but traffic stops flowing and change over. The challenge here is how to know to switch back since the L2TP tunnel takes priority. I’ll have to think about that one.
Having seen a tweet to a Hackaday article (/ht Andy Piper) about adding a ESP8266 to the new IKEA VINDRIKTNING air quality sensor.
The sensor is a little stand alone platform that measures the amount of PM 2.5 particles in the air and it has an array of coloured LEDs on the front to show a spectrum from green when the count is low and red when high.
Sören Beye opened one up and worked out that the micro controller that reads the sensor to control the leds does so over a uart serial connection and that the Tx/Rx lines were exposed via a a set of test pads along with 5v and Ground power. This makes it easy to attach a second micro controller to the Rx line to read the response when the sensor is polled.
Sören has written some code for an ESP8266 to decode that response and publish the result via MQTT.
Making the hardware modification is pretty simple
Unscrew the case
Strip the ends on 3 short pieces of wire
Solder the 3 leads to the test pads labelled 5v, G and REST
Solder the 5V to 5V, G to G and REST to D2 (assuming using a Wemos D1 Mini)
Place the Wemos in the empty space above the sensor
Screw the case back together
The software is built using the Ardunio IDE and is easily flashed via the USB port. Once installed when the ESP8266 boots it will set up a WiFi Access Point to allow you to enter details for the local WiFi network and the address, username and password for a MQTT broker.
When connected the sensor publishes a couple of messages to allow auto configuration for people who use Home Assistant but it also publishes messages like this:
It includes the pm25 value and information about which network it’s connected to and it’s current IP address. I’m subscribing to this with Node-RED and using it to convert the numerical value, which has units of μg/m3 into a recognised scale (found on page 4).
I’m feeding this into a Google Smart Home Assistant Sensor device that has the SensorState trait, this takes the scale values as input, but you can also include the raw values as well.
I’ve been listening to more Brad & Will Made a Tech Pod and the current episode triggered a bunch of nostalgia about using finger to work out what my fellow CS students at university were up to. I won’t go into to too much detail about what Finger is as the podcast covers it all.
This podcast has triggered things like this in the past, like when I decided to make this blog (and Brad & Will’s podcast) available via Gopher.
On the podcast they had Ben Brown as a guest who had written his own Finger Daemon and linked it up to a site called Happy Net Box where users can update their plan file. Then anybody can access it using the finger command e.g. finger hardillb@happynetbox.com . The finger command is shipped by default on Windows, OSx and Linux so can be accessed from nearly anywhere.
I really liked the idea of resurrecting finger and as well as having a play with Happy Net Box I decided to see if I could run my own.
I started to look at what it would take to run a finger daemon on one of my Raspberry Pis, but while there are 2 packaged they don’t appear to run on current releases as they rely on init.d rather than Systemd.
Next up I thought I’d have a look at the protocol, which is documented in RFC1288. It is incredibly basic, you just listen on port 79 and read the username terminated with a new line & carriage return. This seamed to be simple enough to implement so I thought I’d give it a try in Go (and I needed something to do while all tonight’s TV was taken up with 22 men chasing a fall round a field).
Rather than deal with the nasty security problems with pulling .plan files out of peoples home directories it uses a directory called plans and loads files that match the pattern <username>.plan
I’ve also built it in a Docker container and mounted a local directory to allow me to edit and add new plan files.
I’ve recently been working on a project that uses AWS EKS managed Kubernetes Service.
For various reasons too complicated to go into here we’ve ended up with multiple clusters owned by different AWS Accounts so flipping back and forth between them has been a little trickier than normal.
Here are my notes on how to manage the AWS credentials and the kubectl config to access each cluster.
AWS CLI
First task is to authorise the AWS CLI to act as the user in question. We do this by creating a user with the right permissions in the IAM console and then export the Access key ID and Secret access key values usually as a CSV file. We then take these values and add them to the ~/.aws/credentials file.
Instead of using the --profile option you can also set the AWS_PROFILE environment variable. Details of all the ways to switch profiles are in the docs here.
The user that created the cluster should also follow these instructions to make sure the new account is added to the cluster’s internal ACL.
Kubectl
If we run the previous command with each profile it will add the connection information for all 3 clusters to the ~/.kube/config file. We can list them with the following command
$ kubectl config get-contexts
CURRENT NAME CLUSTER AUTHINFO NAMESPACE
* arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:111111111111:cluster/foo-bar arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:111111111111:cluster/foo-bar arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:111111111111:cluster/foo-bar
arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:222222222222:cluster/foo-bar arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:222222222222:cluster/foo-bar arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:222222222222:cluster/foo-bar
arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:333333333333:cluster/foo-bar arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:333333333333:cluster/foo-bar arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:333333333333:cluster/foo-bar
The star is next to the currently active context, we can change the active context with this command
$ kubectl config set-context arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:222222222222:cluster/foo-bar
Switched to context "arn:aws:eks:us-east-1:222222222222:cluster/foo-bar".
Putting it all together
To automate all this I’ve put together a collection of script that look like this
I then use the shell source ./setup-prod command (or it’s shortcut . ./setup-prod) , this is instead of adding the shebang to the top and running it as a normal script. This is because when environment variables are set in scripts they go out of scope. Leaving the AWS_PROFILE variable in scope means that the AWS CLI will continue to use the correct account settings when it’s used later while working on this cluster.
I’ve been having a quick play with setting up another VPN solution for getting an IPv6 address on my mobile devices this time using WireGuard.
WireGuard is a relatively new VPN tunnel implementation that has been written to be as stripped back as possible to keep the codebase as small as possible to help make it easier to audit.
Setup
A lot of the instructions for running WireGuard on RaspberryPi OS talk about adding debian testing repos or building the code from scratch, but it looks like recent updates have included the packages needed in the core repositories.
# apt-get install wireguard
I set up UDP port forwarding on my router for port 53145 and got my ISP to route another /64 IPv6 subnet to my line, both of these are forwarded on to the Raspberry Pi that is running that is also running my OpenVPN setup. This is useful as it’s already setup to do NAT for the 10.8.0.0/24 range I’m issuing to OpenVPN clients so having it do itfor the 10.9.0.0/24 range for WireGuard is easy enough.
WireGuard on Linux is implemented as a network device driver so can be configured on the command line with the ip command e.g.
# ip link add dev wg0 type wireguard
# ip address add dev wg0 10.9.0.1/24
Which brings the device up and sets the IP addresses but you still need to add the Private Key and remote address and Public Key which can be done with the wg command
# wg set wg0 listen-port 53145 private-key /path/to/private-key peer ABCDEF... allowed-ips 0.0.0.0/0 endpoint 209.202.254.14:8172
Interface has a DNS entry for the client to use while the tunnel is running.
Peer has an Endpoint which is the public address and port to connect to
AllowedIPs are which IPs to route over the tunnel, in this case it’s everything
Key Generation
Both ends of the connection need a PublicKey and a PrivateKey so they can mutually authenticate each other. These are generated with the wg command
# wg keygen > privateKey
# wg pubkey < privateKey > publicKey
Sharing Config
The WireGuard Android app that you can manually add all the details in the config file or it supports reading config files from QR codes. This makes it really easy to setup and removes the chance of getting a typo in the Keys and IP addresses.
You can generate QR codes from the config file as follows:
The first generates a PNG file with the QR code, the second prints the code out as ASCII art.
Conclusion
It all looks to be working smoothly. I can see the advantages over OpenVPN being that you don’t need to worry about certificate maintenance and distribution.
I’ll give it a proper work out and see how it holds up running things like SIP connections along with general access to my home network.
As well as running it on the phone, I’ll set up a client config for my laptop to use when out and about. The only issues is that the Gnome Network Manager integration for WireGuard isn’t available in the standard repos for Ubuntu 20.04 so it needs to be started/stopped from the command line.
I finally got round to buying my self a proper monitor to use with my laptop at home (I know I’m very late to this party given the current situation of extended working from home).
I’ll be using it with my Dell XPS13 which only has 2 ports ( 2 USB-C/Thunderbolt ) and these double as the power input as well so I was looking for a monitor that can be both driven via USB-C and supply power to the laptop via USB-PD.
Seeking recommendations for a 28-32″ monitor. 4K preferably with USB-C and USB-PD (to power the laptop). Any suggestions?
Having had a bit of a search round and asking for suggestions on Twitter, I found the BenQ EW2780U which looked to cover all the bases. There was a reasonably looking review from TechRadar. 27″ was a little outside my initial size range, but given how close it will be on my desk and the amount of space I have to play with it’s the right call.
There was a very similar 32″ model (BenQ EW3270u) on Amazon that was even slightly cheaper, but while it had support for video over USB-C, it didn’t support USB-PD to charge/power the laptop.
Technical Specs
27″ Screen
3840 x 2160 pixels
2 HDMI ports (v2.0)
1 DisplayPort (v1.4)
1 USB-C
USB-PD up to 60W (Note I don’t think this is enough to charge a MBP)
Built in speakers (these work over HDMI/USB-C)
Setup
I’ve tweaked a few of the out of the box settings.
Turned off auto input switching, mainly because it was flipping to the Chromecast when ever the laptop went to sleep or I unplugged it. It’s pretty easy to switch inputs with the buttons on the back.
Set it to sleep when the USB-C connection is unplugged.
While the monitor did come with a HDMI cable in the box I did need to buy a new USB-C cable to use it with the Dell. None of the ones I currently had would support the HD video signal. This is one of the only downsides of USB-C, all the cables will fit in all the devices, but it’s very hard to visually tell them apart as to what spec they support.
I had a problem with Ubuntu 18.04 not liking driving such a big desktop, if I put anything on the new monitor it would occasionally randomly crash the Gnome session which meant all the open apps also got killed. So this lead to me actually getting round to do the upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04 that I had been putting off. This has fixed the problem and everything is running smoothly now.
The only thing it’s really missing is a built in USB hub then I wouldn’t need to plug a dongle into the remaining USB-C port to give me some USB-A ports.
Having built my 2 differentLoRA connected temperature/humidity sensors I was looking for something other than the Graphana instance that shows the trends.
Being able to ask Google Assistant the temperature in a room seemed like a good idea and an excuse to add the relatively new Sensor device type my Google Assistant Bridge for Node-RED.
I’m exposing 2 options for the Sensor to start with, Temperature and Humidity. I might look at adding Air Quality later.
Once the virtual device is setup, you can feed data in the Google Home Graph using a flow similar to the following
The join node is set to combine the 2 incoming MQTT messages into a single object based on their topics. The function node then builds the right payload to pass to the Google Home output node and finally it feeds it through an RBE node just to make sure we only send updates when the data changes.
I recently needed to debug some problems running a Kubernetes app on a Mac. The problem is I don’t have a Mac or easy access to one that I can have full control over to poke and prod at things. (I also am not the biggest fan of OSx, but that’s a separate story)
Recently AWS started to offer Mac Mini EC2 instances. These differ a little from most normal EC2 instances as they are an actual dedicated bit of hardware that you have exclusive access to rather than a VM on hardware shared with others.
Because of the fact it’s a dedicated bit of hardware the process for setting one up is a little different.
Starting the Instance
First you probably need to request to have a limit increasing on your account. as the default limit for dedicated hardware looks to be 0. This limit is also per region so you will need to ask for the update in every one you would need. To request the update use the AWS Support Center, user the “Create Case” button and select “Service Limit Increase”. From the drop down select “EC2 Dedicated Hosts”, then the region and you want to request and update to the mac1 instance type and enter the number of concurrent instances you will need. It took a little time for my request to be processed, but I did submit it on Friday afternoon and it was approved on Sunday morning.
Once it has been approved you can create a new “Dedicated Hosts” instance on the EC2 console, with a “Instance Family” of mac1 and a “Instance Type” of mac1.metal. You can pick your availability zone (not all Regions and AZ have all instance type so it might not be possible to allocate a mac in every zone). I also suggest you tick the “Instance auto-placement” box.
Once that is complete you can actually start allocate an EC2 instance on this dedicated host. You get to pick which version of OSx you want to run. Assuming you only have one dedicated host and you ticked the auto-placement box then you shouldn’t need to pick the hardware you want to run the instance on.
The other main things to pick as you walk through the wizard are the amount of disk space (default is 60gb), which security policy you want (be sure to pick one with ssh access) and which SSH key you’ll use to log in.
The instances do take a while to start, but given it’s doing a fresh OSx install the hardware this is probably not a surprise. But once the console says it’s up and both the status checks are passing you’ll be able to ssh into the box.
Enabling a GUI
Once logged in you can do most things from the command line, but I needed to run Docker, and all the instructions I could find online said I needed to download Docker Desktop and install that via the GUI.
